Why is it important to acknowledge and learn from your mistake? What are the benefits of doing this?

There is a proverb I can remember of that ‘To err is human’. Error can occur any time. It is a natural part of human character that occurs due to lacking consciousness or concentration influenced by many factors. The main important thing is how we deal with it and what approach we take not for reoccurring. It is a good practice to acknowledge your mistake and learn from it, not to hide and turn from it. When you will analysis a mistake or error, you will find factors or other reasons that have influenced the mistake to be occurred. If you can recognise the exact reason for your mistake, then you would be very cautious next time in the same situation and would not let the same mistake reoccur again.

The mistakes, errors and irregularities that have been pointed out or informed several times are reoccurring can be defined or classified as neglect or carelessness under specific circumstance – Foisal Talukdar

Benefits of acknowledging and learning from your mistake –

·        Support accountability

·        Support honesty at workplace

·        Avoid mistakes to reoccur

·        Reduce complaint which results from mistakes

·        Increase productivity and profit

·        Reduce loss 

·       Reduce misinterpretation of business forecast (unless it has been accounted as calculated risk – Foisal Talukdar)

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar

What types of problems occur during your work and what are the key ways you can get help with them?

Business Administration Level - 2

Problems that may occur during our work are described here in below –

Office Components

Faulty printer machine

Out of order phone or fax

Faulty desktop or laptop

Software crash

Faulty light bulb

Run out of paper or printer ink

Out of order clock in device

Safety Components

Faulty entrance door

Faulty Lift

Faulty fire exit light

Security Component

Faulty locks or key locks

Computer virus

Faulty CCTV or Burglary alarm

Customer related problems

Angry or abusive customer

Customer cum thief

Suspicious behaviour

Following way you can get help with them –

·        Being pre-organised,  up-to-date with your work

·        Provide with sign or markings for out of order equipment

·        Report immediately to your manager or appropriate personnel

·     Contact appropriate contractors from company’s useful contact book or manual handbook

·        Contact company’s accredited suppliers

·        Seek help from security guards or police if you can’t manage the conflict

In order to deal with above problems, you need to report the problem to your manager or appropriate personnel at first. Each organisation has their own contractors and specialists to deal with faulty equipments and machineries. There are specific contractor for specific task. You can find them in useful contact books or company’s manual handbook. You should only contact the company’s accredited contractor, to deal with faulty equipment and machineries. They also can provide you guidance about what to do in this situation.

You are strongly advised not to jump on a stool to change the light bulb, just because you have done it at home. 

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar

Explain the different routes of medicine administration

Oral: Medication can be administered orally where an individual swallow tablets or solution by mouth. Sublingual medication is also administered under the tongue via orally.

Intravenous route: Medication can be administered straight into bloodstream by puncturing vein with syringe

Intramuscular route: Medication can be administered into muscle by puncturing with syringe

Nasal: Medication can be administered through nostril

Inhaler: Certain medication needs to be inhaled by mouth (such as asthma, COPD)

Nasogastric or orogastric tube: Medication can be administered via nasogastric or orogastric tube with syringe or air pump.

Transdermal: Medication can be administered on skin to be absorbed, such as applying butec or rivastigmine patches on skin. Transdermal are not injecting on skin.

Subcutaneous: This route is used to administer medication under the skin with an injection

Rectal or Genital: Medication can be administered via rectal or genital.

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar

Explain the types, purpose and function of materials and equipment needed for the administration of medication via different routes

Oral
Measuring cup: A measuring cup is required to administer correct dose of oral suspension.
Spoon: A spoon can be used to administer medication to an individual with limited mobility

or no capability.  

Inhalation

Spacer device: A spacer device may need to administer inhaling medication. It provides space between mouth and the nozzle of the medication to reduce the risk of choking and coughing.

Intravenous, intramuscular, nasogastric tube, orogastric tube and subcutaneous

A syringe with needle is required to administer intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. A syringe without needle is required to administer liquid medication through nasogastric and orogastric tube.

Topical

Gloves are needed to wear to administer topical or steroid creams and ointments, as it helps to prevent medication to be absorbed by our skin.

Dropper

A dropper may need to use while administering eye drops or ear oils. Children’s oral medication can be administered by a dropper.

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar

Identify medication which demands the measurement of specific physiological measurements

There are many situations when we record physiological measurement of an individual. It covers broader area to verify various symptoms. There are different types of physiological measurements for different types of symptoms. The most common types are weight measurement, body temperature measurement, blood pressure measurement, pulse or heartbeat measurement and blood glucose measurement. The following medication or treatment demands the specific physiological measurement –

• Food Supplement: Individual’s height and weight measurements need to be taken to determine malnutrition level and to prescribe food supplement such as Fortisip, Calogen etc.
• Antihypertensive medication: This type of medication is used to reduce blood pressure. Medications are Ramipril, Losartan, Amoldipine, Bisoprolol, Digoxin etc.
• Insulin: Individual suffering from diabetic needs their blood glucose level measurement to be taken before administering insulin.
• Penicillin: Urinalysis using dip stick is required to determine individual’s urinary tract infection.

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar

Describe common types of medication including their effects and potential side effects

Common types of medication	Effects	Side Effects
Analgesic Medication Paracetamol, Codeine Phosphate	Relieve mild to moderate pain including headache, toothache, sore throat, sciatica, rheumatic and muscular pain	Difficulty breathing, severe allergic reaction, skin rash, nausea, loss of appetite, drowsiness, constipation, sudden weight loss
Antacids or proton pump inhibitors Gaviscon, Ranitidine, Omeprazole	To treat Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), such as indigestion, heartburn and excess stomach acid	Headache, diarrhoea, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, breathing difficulty, swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat or eyelids, redness of skin with blister, wind
Antihistamine Loratadine, Cetirizine, Piriton	Relieve symptoms of allergies, such as hay fever, pet or dust allergy, hives, nettle rash, insect bites or stings	Drowsiness, skin rash, headache, dry mouth, feeling sick, stomach pain
Laxative Lactulose, Senna, Laxido, Movicol	Relieve from constipation	Upset tummy or abdominal pain or cramp, bloating, flatulence, nausea, feeling sick
Penicillin Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin	Use to treat bacterial infection such as chest, ear, bladder, urinary tract infection(UTI) and wide variety of infection.	Sore mouth, fever, joint pain, muscle weakness, dark coloured urine, confusion

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar

Identify current legislation, guidelines policies and protocols relevant to the administration of medication

The Medicines Act 1968 and the Human Medicines Regulation 2012

This legislation is designed for licensing, sale, supply and manufacture of medicines. It clearly states that medicines can only be dispensed by a pharmacist after they have been prescribed by a doctor, dentist or vet.

The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971

This legislation is designed to prevent misuse of controlled drugs that are made of addictive, dangerous and potentially harmful substances such as opiates (substance derived from opium). Legislation lays down guidance and restrictions about how ‘controlled drugs’ must be stored, recorded and administered.

The Misuse of Drugs Regulations 2001

This legislation is designed by defining controlled drugs more elaborately. Controlled drugs are divided into three classes. These are class A, B and C. Purpose of this legislation is to provide information, instruction and restriction to manage this types of drugs with caution, by laying out specific guideline.

The Health Act 2006

This act is primary legislation and designed to strengthen governance and monitoring arrangements for control drugs. The section of the Health act 2006 involved relating to medication is called “Supervision of management and use of controlled drugs”. The Act states that all healthcare providers need to appoint an Accountable Officer, who must have prescribed responsibilities in relation to safe, appropriate and effective management and use of controlled drugs. The act also states that the Accountable officer is responsible for monitoring, auditing and investigating concerns. They are also responsible to ensure relevant individuals receiving trainings, and their trainings and performances are reviewed.

The Misuse of Drugs Safe Custody Regulations 2007

This legislation relates to handling, storing and keeping records about controlled drugs.

The Health and Social Care Act 2008 (regulated activities) regulations 2014

This legislation has no direct involvement relating to administration of medication. This act states that all registered manager, health professionals and social workers have responsibilities to protect people from harm, risks and abuse even if it is arise from handling medication.

Regulations 2014 states to provide safe care and treatment for service users by ensuring that persons providing care or treatment to service users have the qualifications, competence, skills and experience to do so safely. It also states that if equipment or medicines are supplied by the service provider, then ensuring that there are sufficient quantities of these to ensure the safety of service users and to meet their needs.

Mental Capacity Act 2005

It explains how to provide care and treatment to an individual without mental capacity.

Main categories of current protocols relevant to the administration of medications are described here in below –

·         Ordering and receiving medication  

·         Storing medication

·         Administering medication

·         PRN medication policy

·         Homely remedy policy

·         Medication error and incidents

·         Disposal of part used and unwanted medication

By Md Foisal Miah Talukdar